Umugano ni icyatsi, ikimera kinini ariko gito cy’ibyatsi mu muryango w’ibyatsi (Poaceae) gifite imiterere idasanzwe: Ibimera bimwe na bimwe bikura kuva kuri cm 70 kugeza kuri metero (santimetero 27.5 na santimetero 39.3). Bishobora gufata dioxyde de carbone ikubye inshuro eshatu cyangwa enye ku munsi kurusha ibindi bimera, bitanga indabyo buri myaka 100 kugeza 150 ariko bigapfa, imizi yabyo ikaba itarengeje cm 100 (santimetero 39.3), nubwo birebire iyo bikuze, amashami yabyo ashobora kugera kuri metero 25 (santimetero 82.02) mu myaka itatu gusa, kandi bishobora gutanga igicucu inshuro zigera kuri 60 z’ubuso, ariko ntibirenze metero kare 3. Manuel Trillo na Antonio Vega-Rioja, abahanga mu binyabuzima babiri bize muri Kaminuza ya Seville mu majyepfo ya Esipanye, bashinze ikigo cya mbere cyemewe cy’ubutabire bw’imigano mu Burayi. Laboratwari yabo ni laboratwari y’ibimera yo gushakisha no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyiza byose ikimera gitanga, ariko ibitekerezo by’abantu kuri ibi byiza birushaho gushinga imizi kurusha imizi y’ikimera.
Hari amahoteli, amazu, amashuri n'ibiraro by'imigano. Icyatsi gikura vuba cyane ku isi, gitanga ibiryo, umwuka wa ogisijeni n'igicucu, kandi gishobora kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'ibidukikije kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 15 ugereranije n'ubuso bumurikiwe n'izuba. Ariko, gifite umutwaro w'ikinyoma wo gufatwa nk'ubwoko bw'inyamaswa zitera, nubwo ubwoko burenga 1.500 bwagaragaye ari bwo gusa bufatwa nk'ubwoko bw'inyamaswa zitera, kandi ni mu turere tumwe na tumwe gusa.
“Urwikekwe ruturuka ku nkomoko y’urujijo n’imyitwarire. Ibirayi, inyanya n’amacunga na byo ntibikomoka i Burayi, ariko ntibikunze kumera nabi. Bitandukanye n’ibyatsi, imizi y’imigano iri hagati. Itanga igiti kimwe gusa [ishami riva ku kuguru kumwe, indabyo cyangwa amahwa],” Vega Rioja yagize ati.
Se wa Vega Rioja, umuhanga mu by'ubwubatsi, yatangiye gushishikazwa n'izi nganda. Yahaye umuhungu we urukundo nk'umuhanga mu binyabuzima, maze hamwe na mugenzi we Manuel Trillo, bashinga laboratwari y'ibimera bikomoka ku bidukikije kugira ngo bige kandi byerekane ibi bimera nk'imitako, inganda n'ikirere. Aha niho La Bambuseria yaturutse, iherereye mu birometero bike uvuye ku murwa mukuru wa Andalusia, ikaba n'ahantu ha mbere ho gutera imbuto z'imigano mu Burayi.
“Twakusanyije imbuto 10.000, 7.500 muri zo zarameze, hanyuma dutoranya zigera kuri 400 bitewe n’imiterere yazo,” Vega Rioja asobanura. Muri laboratwari ye y’ibimera, igizwe na hegitari imwe gusa (hegitari 2.47) mu kibaya cy’umugezi wa Guadalquivir, agaragaza amoko atandukanye yahujwe n’ikirere gitandukanye: amwe muri yo ashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bugera kuri dogere selisiyusi -12 (dogere selisiyusi 10.4). Fahrenheit) kandi akarokoka inkubi y’umuyaga w’itumba wa Philomena, mu gihe andi akurira mu butayu. Agace kanini k’icyatsi kibisi gatandukanye n’imirima y’ibihwagari n’ibirayi. Ubushyuhe bw’umuhanda wa kaburimbo ku muryango bwari dogere selisiyusi 40 (dogere selisiyusi 104). Ubushyuhe mu ishyamba bwari dogere selisiyusi 25.1 (dogere selisiyusi 77.2).
Nubwo abakozi bagera kuri 50 basarura ibirayi biri munsi ya metero 50 uvuye kuri hoteli, imbere humvikana amajwi y'inyoni gusa. Ibyiza by'umugano nk'igikoresho gikurura amajwi byigwaga neza kandi ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ari ibikoresho bikwiye bikurura amajwi.
Ariko ubushobozi bw'iki gikoko cy'ibimera ni bwinshi cyane. Imigano, ari nayo ishingiro ry'ibyo panda nini irya ndetse n'uko igaragara, yabayeho mu buzima bw'abantu kuva kera, nk'uko Scientific Reports ibivuga.
Impamvu y’ubu buryo burambye ni uko uretse kuba isoko y’ibiribwa, imiterere yabyo yihariye, yasesenguwe mu bushakashatsi bwa National Science Review, abantu ntibayirengagije. Iki gikoresho cyakoreshejwe mu buryo butandukanye cyangwa mu kuzigama ingufu kugeza kuri 20% mu gutwara imizigo iremereye hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byoroshye. Ryan Schroeder wo muri Kaminuza ya Calgary asobanura mu kinyamakuru Journal of Experimental Biology ati: “Ibi bikoresho byiza ariko byoroshye bishobora kugabanya imirimo y’amaboko y’ababikoresha.”
Indi nkuru yasohotse muri GCB Bioenergy isobanura uburyo umugano ushobora kuba isoko y’iterambere ry’ingufu zishobora kongera gukoreshwa. “Bioethanol na biochar ni byo bicuruzwa by’ingenzi bishobora kuboneka,” ibi ni ibyasobanuwe na Zhiwei Liang wo muri Kaminuza y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubumenyi bw’Ubuzima muri Hongiriya.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi gituma umugano urushaho kuba mwiza ni uburyo imigozi iri mu busitani bwayo buto, yanogejwe kugira ngo yongere imbaraga zayo n'ubushobozi bwo kugonda. “Kwigana uburyo bworoshye n'imbaraga za mugano, uburyo bwitwa biomimicry, byagize ingaruka nziza mu gukemura ibibazo byinshi mu iterambere ry'ibikoresho,” ibi ni ibyavuzwe na Motohiro Sato wo muri Kaminuza ya Hokkaido, akaba n'umwanditsi w'ubushakashatsi bwa Plos One. Kubera ibi, uturemangingo tw'umugano dufite amazi bituma uba igiti gikura vuba ku isi, kandi ibi byateye itsinda ry'abashakashatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya Queensland y'ikoranabuhanga gukora electrodes nziza za bateri kugira ngo zishyushye vuba.
Imikoreshereze n'ikoreshwa ry'imigano ni myinshi cyane, kuva ku gukora ibikoresho byo mu gikoni bishobora kubora kugeza ku gukora amagare cyangwa ibikoresho byo mu nzu mu nzego zose z'ubwubatsi. Abahanga babiri b'ibinyabuzima bo muri Esipanye bamaze gutangira iyi nzira. Trillo, ugomba kongera ubumenyi bwe mu binyabuzima n'ubumenyi mu buhinzi, yagize ati: “Ntitwigeze ducika intege mu bushakashatsi.” Abashakashatsi bemeza ko badashobora gukora uyu mushinga badafite ubumenyi bwe, ubwo yahabwaga n'umuturanyi we Emilio Jiménez afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza.
Kwiyemeza gukora laboratwari z’ibimera byatumye Vega-Rioja iba umucuruzi wa mbere wemewe n’amategeko wohereza imigano muri Tayilande. We na Trillo bakomeje kugerageza korora ibiti bitandukanye kugira ngo batange ibimera bifite imiterere yihariye bitewe n’aho bikoreshwa cyangwa aho bihingwa, cyangwa bagashakisha ku isi imbuto zidasanzwe zishobora gutwara amadolari 10 buri imwe kugira ngo itange ubwoko bugera kuri 200 bw’ibiti.
Imwe mu ngaruka zishobora kubaho ako kanya kandi zikomeye mu gihe gito ni ukurema ahantu hafite igicucu cy’icyatsi kibisi hadakoreshwa udukoko mu bice bimwe na bimwe aho ibisubizo bya bioclimatic bishobora kugerwaho hadakoreshejwe ubutaka bwinshi (umugano ushobora no guterwa muri pisine) nta kwangirika.
Bavuga ku bice byegereye imihanda minini, ibigo by'amashuri, imirima y'inganda, ahantu hafunguye, uruzitiro rw'amazu, imihanda minini, cyangwa ahantu hatagira ibimera. Bavuga ko imigano atari igisubizo cy'ibimera gakondo, ahubwo ari igikoresho cyo kubaga ahantu hakenera gutwikirwa n'ibimera vuba. Ibi bifasha gufata dioxyde de carbone nyinshi ishoboka, bitanga ogisijeni 35%, kandi bigabanya ubushyuhe ho dogere selisiyusi 15 mu bihe bikomeye by'ibidukikije.
Ibiciro biri hagati ya €70 ($77) na €500 ($550) kuri metero imwe y'umugano, bitewe n'ikiguzi cyo gukora ibimera n'ubwiza bw'ubwoko bwifuzwa. Ibyatsi bishobora gutanga inyubako izamara imyaka amagana, hamwe n'igiciro gito kuri metero kare imwe y'ubwubatsi, amazi menshi akoreshwa mu myaka itatu ya mbere, hamwe n'amazi make cyane nyuma yo gukura no kurara.
Bashobora gushyigikira iki gitekerezo bakoresheje intwaro za siyansi. Urugero, inyigo yakorewe ku mijyi 293 y'i Burayi yasohotse mu kinyamakuru Nature yasanze ahantu ho mu mijyi, nubwo haba hari icyatsi kibisi, ubushyuhe bungana inshuro ebyiri cyangwa enye kurusha ahantu hatwikiriwe n'ibiti cyangwa ibimera birebire. Amashyamba y'imigano afata dioxyde de carbone kurusha andi moko y'amashyamba.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-14-2023
