Mu gihe habayeho kwiyongera kw'itemwa ry'amashyamba, kwangirika kw'amashyamba, ndetse n'ikibazo cy'imihindagurikire y'ikirere, imigano na rattan bigaragara nk'intwari zidasanzwe mu gushaka ibisubizo birambye. Nubwo bitashyizwe mu cyiciro cy'ibiti—imigano ikaba icyatsi n'imigano ikaba ikiganza—ibi bimera bifite umwihariko bigira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima mu mashyamba ku isi yose. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa n'Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Bamboo na Rattan (INBAR) n'Ubusitani bw'Ibimera bw'Umwami, Kew, bwagaragaje amoko arenga 1600 y'imigano n'amoko 600 y'imigano, atuye muri Afurika, Aziya na Amerika.
Isoko y'ubuzima ku bimera n'inyamaswa
Imbuto n'udusimba bitanga ibiryo n'ubwihisho ku nyamaswa nyinshi, harimo n'inyamaswa nyinshi ziri mu kaga. Panda nini izwi cyane, ifite indyo yayo igera kuri 40 kg ku munsi, ni urugero rumwe gusa. Uretse panda, inyamaswa nka panda itukura, ingagi zo mu misozi, inzovu zo mu Buhinde, idubu ry'amabara menshi ryo muri Amerika y'Epfo, ingurube ya ploughshare, na lemur ya bamboo yo muri Madagasikari byose bishingiye ku dusimba kugira ngo bibe iby'ingenzi. Imbuto za rattan zigira intungamubiri z'ingenzi ku nyoni zitandukanye, uducurama, inkende, n'idubu ry'izuba ryo muri Aziya.
Uretse gutunga inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, umugano ni isoko y'ingenzi y'ibiribwa by'amatungo, utanga ibiryo bihendutse kandi by'umwaka wose ku nka, inkoko n'amafi. Ubushakashatsi bwa INBAR bwerekana uburyo indyo irimo amababi y'umugano yongera agaciro k'intungamubiri z'ibiryo by'amatungo, bityo bikazamura umusaruro w'amata y'inka buri mwaka mu turere nka Ghana na Madagascar.
Serivisi z'ingenzi ku rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima
Raporo ya INBAR na CIFOR yo mu 2019 igaragaza serivisi zitandukanye kandi zifite ingaruka ku rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima zitangwa n'amashyamba y'imigano, ziruta iz'ibyatsi, ubutaka bw'ubuhinzi, n'amashyamba yangiritse cyangwa yatewe. Raporo ishimangira uruhare rw'imigano mu gutanga serivisi zigenga, nko gusana imiterere y'ubutaka, kurwanya isuri, kongera amazi yo mu mazi no gusukura amazi. Byongeye kandi, imigano igira uruhare runini mu gushyigikira imibereho myiza y'icyaro, bigatuma iba isimbuza nziza amashyamba ahingwa cyangwa ubutaka bwangiritse.
Imwe mu mirimo idasanzwe ikorerwa ku rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ni ubushobozi bwayo bwo gusana ubutaka bwangiritse. Imizi myinshi y'imigano ifata ubutaka munsi y'ubutaka, ikabuza amazi gutemba, kandi ikarokoka nubwo ibimera biri hejuru y'ubutaka byangijwe n'inkongi. Imishinga iterwa inkunga na INBAR mu bice nka Allahabad, mu Buhinde, yagaragaje ko amazi yazamutse kandi agace kari karacukuwemo amatafari kakaba ubutaka bw'ubuhinzi butanga umusaruro. Muri Etiyopiya, imigano ni ubwoko bw'ingenzi mu mugambi uterwa inkunga na Banki y'Isi wo gusana uduce twangiritse, tugizwe na hegitari zisaga miliyoni 30 ku isi.
Isoko Irambye y'Imibereho
Imigano na rattan, kuko ari umutungo wiyongera vuba kandi ukivugurura ubwawo, bikora nk'uburyo bwo gukumira itemwa ry'amashyamba no gutakaza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Ikura ryihuse ryabyo n'ubucucike bwabyo bwinshi bituma amashyamba ya rattan atanga ibimera byinshi kurusha amashyamba karemano n'amashyamba yatewe, bigatuma aba ingirakamaro cyane mu biribwa, mu byatsi, mu mbaho, mu ngufu za bioenergy, no mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi. Rattan, nk'igihingwa cyongera kuzura vuba, ishobora gusarurwa nta ngaruka mbi ku biti.
Uruvange rw'uburyo bwo kurengera urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima no kurwanya ubukene rugaragarira mu bikorwa nka Gahunda ya INBAR yo guteza imbere imigano y'Abaholandi-Ubusinwa-Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Mu gutera imigano mu duce tw'amapaki y'igihugu, iyi gahunda ntiha abaturage bo mu gace ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi birambye n'ibikoresho by'ubukorikori gusa, ahubwo inarinda aho ingagi zo mu misozi zo mu gace zituye.
Indi mishinga ya INBAR i Chishui, mu Bushinwa, yibanda ku kuvugurura ubukorikori bw'imigano. Ikorana na UNESCO, iyi gahunda ishyigikira ibikorwa birambye byo guteza imbere imibereho myiza hakoreshejwe imigano ikura vuba nk'isoko y'amafaranga. Chishui, ahantu hazwi nka UNESCO nk'umurage w'isi, ishyiraho amategeko akomeye yo kubungabunga ibidukikije byayo, kandi imigano igaragara nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi mu guteza imbere kubungabunga ibidukikije ndetse no guteza imbere imibereho myiza y'ubukungu.
Uruhare rwa INBAR mu guteza imbere ibikorwa birambye
Kuva mu 1997, INBAR yakomeje gushyigikira akamaro k'imigano na rattan mu iterambere rirambye, harimo no kurengera amashyamba no kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Ikigaragara ni uko uyu muryango wagize uruhare runini mu iterambere rya politiki y'igihugu y'Ubushinwa yo gutera imigano, utanga inama binyuze mu mishinga nka Bamboo Biodiversity Project.
Muri iki gihe, INBAR ikora ku ikarita yo gukwirakwiza imigano ku isi hose, itanga gahunda z'amahugurwa ku bagenerwabikorwa ibihumbi n'ibihumbi baturutse mu bihugu biyigize buri mwaka kugira ngo bateze imbere imicungire myiza y'umutungo. Nk'Indorerezi y'Amasezerano y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ku Butandukanye bw'Ibinyabuzima, INBAR ishyigikiye byimazeyo ko imigano n'imbwa byashyirwa mu binyabuzima by'ubwoko butandukanye bw'igihugu n'uturere ndetse no mu igenamigambi ry'amashyamba.
Mu by’ukuri, imigano na rattan bivamo inshuti zikomeye mu kurwanya gutema amashyamba no kwangirika k’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Ibi bimera, akenshi birengagizwa muri politiki z’amashyamba bitewe n’uko bitashyirwa mu byiciro, bigaragaza ubushobozi bwabyo nk’ibikoresho bikomeye by’iterambere rirambye no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Imbyino igoye hagati y’ibi bimera bikomera n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bibamo igaragaza ubushobozi bw’ibidukikije bwo gutanga ibisubizo iyo bihawe amahirwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 10-2023
