Mu guhangana n’amashyamba yiyongera, iyangirika ry’amashyamba, n’iterabwoba ryugarije imihindagurikire y’ikirere, imigano na rattan bigaragara nkintwari zitavuzwe mu gushaka ibisubizo birambye.Nubwo bidashyizwe mu biti - imigano kuba ibyatsi na rattan imikindo izamuka - ibyo bimera bitandukanye bigira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima mu mashyamba ku isi.Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’imigano na Rattan (INBAR) hamwe n’ubusitani bwa Royal Botanic, Kew, bwerekanye amoko arenga 1600 y’imigano n’amoko 600 ya rattan, muri Afurika, Aziya, na Amerika.
Isoko y'Ubuzima kuri Flora na Fauna
Imigano na rattan ni isoko yingenzi yo gutunga no gutura ku nyamaswa nyinshi zo mu gasozi, harimo n’ibinyabuzima byinshi bigenda byangirika.Igishushanyo kinini panda, hamwe nimirire yacyo ishingiye kumigano igera kuri kg 40 kumunsi, ni urugero rumwe.Kurenga panda, ibiremwa nka panda itukura, ingagi zo mu misozi, inzovu yo mu Buhinde, idubu y’indorerezi yo muri Amerika yepfo, inyenzi zo mu bwoko bwa ploughshare, hamwe n’imigano ya Madagasikari lemur byose biterwa n'imigano yo kugaburira.Imbuto za Rattan zitanga imirire yingenzi ku nyoni zitandukanye, ibibabi, inkende, hamwe nizuba rya Aziya.
Usibye gutunga inyamaswa zo mu gasozi, imigano irerekana ko ari isoko y'ingenzi y'ibiryo by'amatungo, itanga ibiryo bihendutse, umwaka wose ku nka, inkoko, n'amafi.Ubushakashatsi bwa INBAR bwerekana uburyo indyo irimo amababi y'imigano yongerera agaciro imirire y'ibiryo, bityo bigatuma inka zitanga amata buri mwaka mu turere nka Gana na Madagasikari.
Serivise yibidukikije
Raporo ya 2019 yakozwe na INBAR na CIFOR iragaragaza serivisi zinyuranye kandi zigira ingaruka ku bidukikije zitangwa n’amashyamba y’imigano, zikarenga iz'ibyatsi, ubutaka bw’ubuhinzi, n’amashyamba yangiritse cyangwa yatewe.Raporo ishimangira uruhare rw'imigano mu gutanga serivisi zigenga, nko gusana ahantu nyaburanga, kugenzura inkangu, kongera amazi mu butaka, no kweza amazi.Byongeye kandi, imigano igira uruhare runini mu gushyigikira imibereho yo mu cyaro, bigatuma isimburwa neza mu mashyamba y’ibihingwa cyangwa ubutaka bwangiritse.
Serivisi imwe yibidukikije yibidukikije ni ubushobozi bwayo bwo kugarura ubutaka bwangiritse.Sisitemu nini yo munsi yubutaka bwimigano ihuza ubutaka, ikabuza amazi gutemba, kandi ikabaho nubwo biomass yo hejuru-yangijwe numuriro.Imishinga ishyigikiwe na INBAR ahantu nka Allahabad, mu Buhinde, yerekanye izamuka ry’ameza y’amazi ndetse n’ahantu hahoze hacukurwa amatafari hahoze ari ubutayu mu butaka bw’ubuhinzi butanga umusaruro.Muri Etiyopiya, imigano ni ubwoko bw’ibanze muri gahunda yatewe inkunga na Banki y'Isi yo kugarura ahantu hafashwe amazi yangiritse, hakaba hegitari zisaga miliyoni 30 ku isi.
Inkomoko irambye yubuzima
Imigano na rattan, kuba bikura vuba kandi bikabyara umusaruro, bigira uruhare mu gukumira amashyamba no gutakaza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.Iterambere ryabo ryihuse hamwe nubucucike bukabije butuma amashyamba yimigano atanga biomass nyinshi kuruta amashyamba karemano n’ibiti byatewe, bigatuma aba ingirakamaro kubiribwa, ubwatsi, ibiti, bioenergy, nibikoresho byubwubatsi.Rattan, nk'igihingwa cyuzura vuba, irashobora gusarurwa nta kwangiza ibiti.
Ihuriro ryo kurinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no kurwanya ubukene bigaragarira muri gahunda nka INBAR yo mu Buholandi-Ubushinwa-Uburasirazuba bwa Afurika Gahunda yo guteza imbere imigano.Mu gutera imigano muri zone tampon ya parike yigihugu, iyi gahunda ntabwo iha abaturage baho ibikoresho byubaka birambye gusa nubukorikori bwubukorikori ahubwo inarinda aho ingagi zo mumisozi zaho zibera.
Undi mushinga wa INBAR i Chishui, mu Bushinwa, wibanda ku kongera imbaraga mu bukorikori.Gukorana na UNESCO, iyi gahunda ishyigikira ibikorwa birambye byimibereho ikoresheje imigano ikura vuba nkisoko ryinjiza.Umurage ndangamurage wa UNESCO, Chishui, ushyiraho amategeko akomeye yo kubungabunga ibidukikije, kandi imigano igaragara nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi mu guteza imbere ibidukikije ndetse n'imibereho myiza mu bukungu.
Uruhare rwa INBAR mugutezimbere imyitozo irambye
Kuva mu 1997, INBAR yashimangiye akamaro k'imigano na rattan mu iterambere rirambye, harimo kurinda amashyamba no kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima.Ikigaragara ni uko uyu muryango wagize uruhare runini mu iterambere rya politiki y’imigano y’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa, utanga ibyifuzo binyuze mu mishinga nk’umushinga w’ibinyabuzima by’imigano.
Kugeza ubu, INBAR ikora ikarita yo gukwirakwiza imigano ku isi, itanga gahunda z’amahugurwa ku bihumbi n’abagenerwabikorwa buri mwaka baturutse mu bihugu bigize Umuryango kugira ngo bateze imbere imicungire myiza y’umutungo.Nk’indorerezi y’amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, INBAR ishyigikiye byimazeyo kwinjiza imigano na rattan mu binyabuzima by’igihugu ndetse n’akarere ndetse no gutegura amashyamba.
Muri rusange, imigano na rattan bigaragara nk'inshuti zikomeye mu kurwanya amashyamba no gutakaza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima.Ibi bimera, akenshi birengagizwa muri politiki y’amashyamba bitewe n’ibiti bitashyizwe mu biti, byerekana ubushobozi bwabyo nkibikoresho bikomeye bigamije iterambere rirambye no kubungabunga ibidukikije.Imbyino zitoroshye hagati yibi bimera byihanganira urusobe rwibinyabuzima batuyemo byerekana ubushobozi bwa kamere bwo gutanga ibisubizo mugihe bihaye amahirwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-10-2023
