Amashyamba ni iki?

Amashyamba yimigano, yigeze gufatwa nkigihingwa cyimitako cyangwa ibikoresho byubukorikori, yagaragaye nkumukinnyi wingenzi mubikorwa byamashyamba arambye kwisi yose. Uru ruganda rutandukanye, hamwe nubwiyongere bwihuse bwihuse hamwe n’ibisabwa byinshi, ruramenyekana kubera ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ibibazo by’ibidukikije no guteza imbere ubukungu mu gihe cyo kubungabunga umutungo kamere.

Umugano, wo mu muryango w’ibyatsi, ni kimwe mu bimera bikura vuba ku isi, hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bimwe na bimwe bishobora gukura kugera kuri santimetero 91 (santimetero 36) ku munsi umwe mu bihe byiza. Iterambere ryihuse rituma imigano ishobora kuvugururwa bidasanzwe, kuko ishobora gusarurwa kubikorwa bitandukanye bitabaye ngombwa ko yongera. Bitandukanye n’amashyamba gakondo yimbaho, aho ibiti bifata imyaka mirongo kugirango bikure, imigano igera kumyaka itatu cyangwa itanu gusa, bigatuma ihitamo neza ibikorwa byamashyamba arambye.

Kimwe mu byiza byingenzi byamashyamba yimigano kiri mubidukikije. Amashyamba y'imigano afite uruhare runini mugukurikirana karubone, gukuramo imyuka myinshi ya dioxyde de carbone mu kirere no kurekura ogisijeni. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko imigano ishobora gufata karubone nyinshi kuruta ibiti bihwanye n’ibiti, bigatuma iba umufasha w’ingenzi mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere.

Byongeye kandi, amashyamba yimigano ateza imbere kubungabunga ubutaka no kurinda amazi. Imizi yuzuye yibiti byimigano ifasha mukurinda isuri, gutuza ahantu hahanamye, no kugabanya ibyago byo gutemba. Byongeye kandi, amashyamba yimigano akora nkayunguruzo rwamazi, azamura ubwiza bwamazi no kubungabunga ubuzima bwibinyabuzima byo mumazi.

Kurenga ibyiza by ibidukikije, amashyamba yimigano atanga amahirwe menshi yubukungu. Umugano ni ibikoresho byinshi cyane hamwe nibikorwa byinshi byubucuruzi, harimo ubwubatsi, ibikoresho byo mu nzu, gukora impapuro, imyenda, n’umusaruro wa bioenergy. Imbaraga zayo, guhinduka, no kuramba bituma imigano isimburwa nibindi bikoresho gakondo mubikorwa bitandukanye.

Mu turere twinshi, gahunda z’amashyamba zitanga imigano zitanga amahirwe yo gutura mu cyaro no kugira uruhare mu kurwanya ubukene. Muguhinga no gutunganya imigano, abahinzi na ba rwiyemezamirimo barashobora kwinjiza amafaranga mugihe bateza imbere uburyo burambye bwo gucunga ubutaka.

Guverinoma, imiryango mpuzamahanga, n’amatsinda y’ibidukikije bagenda barushaho kumenya akamaro k’amashyamba y’imigano mu kugera ku ntego z’iterambere rirambye. Ibikorwa nk’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’imigano na Rattan (INBAR) biteza imbere cyane imikoreshereze irambye y’umutungo w’imigano no gushyigikira ubushakashatsi, kongerera ubushobozi, no guteza imbere politiki muri uru rwego.

Mu gihe isi ihura n’ibibazo by’ibidukikije bigenda byiyongera, amashyamba y’imigano agaragara nkigisubizo cyiza cyo guteza imbere kubungabunga ibidukikije, iterambere ry’ubukungu, no kurwanya ubukene. Mugukoresha ubushobozi bwimigano nkumutungo ushobora kuvugururwa, turashobora gukora icyatsi kibisi, kirambye cyigihe kizaza.

Mu gusoza, amashyamba yimigano yerekana urugero rwiza rwo gucunga neza ubutaka niterambere ryubukungu. Iterambere ryayo ryihuse, inyungu z’ibidukikije, hamwe n’ibikorwa bitandukanye bituma bigira agaciro gakomeye mu kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere no gutema amashyamba. Mugushora imari mumashyamba yibikorwa byamashyamba, turashobora guha inzira ejo hazaza harambye kandi heza.